One thing I find frustrating is that management where I work has heard of 10x productivity gains. Some of those claims even come from early adopters at my work.
But that sets expectation way too high. Partly it is due to Amdahl's law: I spend only a portion of my time coding, and far more time thinking and communicating with others that are customers of my code. Even if does make the coding 10x faster (and it doesn't most of the time) overall my productivity is 10-15% better. That is nothing to sneeze at, but it isn't 10x.
Maybe it's due to a more R&D-ish nature of my current work, but for me, LLMs are delivering just as much gains in the "thinking" part as in "coding" part (I handle the "communicating" thing myself just fine for now). Using LLMs for "thinking" tasks feels similar to how mastering web search 2+ decades ago felt. Search engines enabled access to information provided you know what you're looking for; now LLMs boost that by helping you figure out what you're looking for in the first place (and then conveniently searching it for you, too). This makes trivial some tasks I previously classified as hard due to effort and uncertainty involved.
At this point I'd say about 1/3 of my web searches are done through ChatGPT o3, and I can't imagine giving it up now.
(There's also a whole psychological angle in how having LLM help sort and rubber-duck your half-baked thought makes many task seem much less daunting, and that alone makes a big difference.)
This, and if you add in a voice mode (e.g. ChatGPT's Advanced Mode), it is perfect for brainstorming.
Once I decide I want to "think a problem through with an LLM", I often start with just the voice mode. This forces me to say things out loud — which is remarkably effective (hear hear rubber duck debugging) — and it also gives me a fundamentally different way of consuming the information the LLM provides me. Instead of being delivered a massive amount of text, where some information could be wrong, I instead get a sequential system where I can stop/pause the LLM/redirect it as soon as something gets me curious or as I find problems with it said.
You would think that having this way of interacting would be limiting, as having a fast LLM output large chunks of information would let you skim through it and commit it to memory faster. Yet, for me, the combination of hearing things and, most of all, not having to consume so much potentially wrong info (what good is it to skim pointless stuff), ensures that ChatGPT's Advanced Voice mode is a great way to initially approach a problem.
After the first round with the voice mode is done, I often move to written-form brainstorming.
> One thing I find frustrating is that management where I work has heard of 10x productivity gains. Some of those claims even come from early adopters at my work.
Similar situation at my work, but all of the productivity claims from internal early adopters I've seen so far are based on very narrow ways of measuring productivity, and very sketchy math, to put it mildly.
> One thing I find frustrating is that management where I work has heard of 10x productivity gains.
That may also be in part because llms are not as big of an accelerant for junior devs as they are for seniors (juniors don't know what is good and bad as well).
So if you give 1 senior dev a souped up llm workflow I wouldn't be too surprised if they are as productive as 10 pre-llm juniors. Maybe even more, because a bad dev can actually produce negative productivity (stealing from the senior), in which case it's infinityx.
Even a decent junior is mostly limited to doing the low level grunt work, which llms can already do better.
Point is, I can see how jobs could be lost, legitimately.
The item lost is pipeline of talent in all of this though.
Precision machining is going through an absolute nightmare where the journeymen or master machinists are aging out of the work force. These were people who originally learned on manual machines, and upgraded to CNC over the years. The pipeline collapsed about 1997.
Now there are no apprentice machinists to replace the skills of the retiring workforce.
This will happen to software developers. Probably faster because they tend to be financially independent WAY sooner than machinists.
> The item lost is pipeline of talent in all of this though.
Totally agree.
However, I think this pipeline has been taking a hit for a while already because juniors as a whole have been devaluing themselves: if we expect them to leave after one year, what's the point of hiring and training them? Only helping their next employer at that point.
Its the employers who are responsible for the fact that almost everyone working in tech (across all skill levels) will have a far easier time advancing in both pay and title by jumping jobs often.
Very few companies put any real thought into meaningful retention but they are quick to complain about turnover.
That old canard? If you pay people in a way that incentivizes them to stay, they will. If you train people and treat them right and pay them right, they wont leave. If they are, try to fix one of those things, stop blaming the juniors for their massive collusion in a market where they literally are struggling to get jobs.
How much of the communication and meetings are because traditionally code was very expensive and slow to create? How many of those meetings might be streamlined or entirely disappear in the future? In my experience there is are a lot of process around making sure that software on schedule track and that it's doing what it is supposed to do. I think that the software lifecycle is about to be reinvented.
> overall my productivity is 10-15% better. That is nothing to sneeze at, but it isn't 10x.
It is something to sneeze at if you are 10-15% more expensive to employ due to the cost of the LLM tools. The total cost of production should always be considered, not just throughput.
I'm no LLM evangelist, far from it, but I expect models of similar quality to the current bleeding-edge, will be freely runnable on consumer hardware within 3 years. Future bleeding-edge models may well be more expensive than current ones, who knows.
yeah there was an analysis that came out on hackernews the other day. between low demand side economics, virtually no impact to GDP, and corporate/vc subsidies going away soon we're close to finding out. Sam Altman did convince Softbank to do a 40B round though so it might be another year or two. Current estimates are that its cheaper than search to run so its probabilistic that there will be more search features swapped. OpenAi hasn't dropped their ad platform yet though, so interested to see how that goes
I don't disagree with your assessment of the world today, but just 12 months ago (before the current crop of base models and coding agents like Claude Code), even that 10X improvement of writing some-of-the-code wouldn't have been true.
> just 12 months ago (before the current crop of base models and coding agents like Claude Code), even that 10X improvement of writing some-of-the-code wouldn't have been true.
You had to paste more into your prompts back then to make the output work with the rest of your codebase, because there weren't good IDEs/"agents" for it, but you've been able to get really really good code for 90% of "most" day to day SWE since at least OpenAI releasing the ChatGPT-4 API, which was a couple years ago.
Today it's a lot easier to demo low-effort "make a whole new feature or prototype" things than doing the work to make the right API calls back then, but most day to day work isn't "one shot a new prototype web app" and probably won't ever be.
I'm personally more productive than 1 or 2 years ago now because the time required to build the prompts was slower than my personal rate of writing code for a lot of things in my domain, but hardly 10x. It usually one-shots stuff wrong, and then there's a good chance that it'll take longer to chase down the errors than it would've to just write the thing - or only use it as "better autocomplete" - in the first place.
> I don't disagree with your assessment of the world today, but just 12 months ago (before the current crop of base models and coding agents like Claude Code), even that 10X improvement of writing some-of-the-code wouldn't have been true.
So? It sounds like you're prodding us to make an extrapolation fallacy (I don't even grant the "10x in 12 months" point, but let's just accept the premise for the sake of argument).
Honestly, 12 months ago the base models weren't substantially worse than they are right now. Some people will argue with me endlessly on this point, and maybe they're a bit better on the margin, but I think it's pretty much true. When I look at the improvements of the last year with a cold, rational eye, they've been in two major areas:
* cost & efficiency
* UI & integration
So how do we improve from here? Cost & efficiency are the obvious lever with historical precedent: GPUs kinda suck for inference, and costs are (currently) rapidly dropping. But, maybe this won't continue -- algorithmic complexity is what it is, and barring some revolutionary change in the architecture, LLMs are exponential algorithms.
UI and integration is where most of the rest of the recent improvement has come from, and honestly, this is pretty close to saturation. All of the various AI products already look the same, and I'm certain that they'll continue to converge to a well-accepted local maxima. After that, huge gains in productivity from UX alone will not be possible. This will happen quickly -- probably in the next year or two.
Basically, unless we see a Moore's law of GPUs, I wouldn't bet on indefinite exponential improvement in AI. My bet is that, from here out, this looks like the adoption curve of any prior technology shift (e.g. mainframe -> PC, PC -> laptop, mobile, etc.) where there's a big boom, then a long, slow adoption for the masses.
12 months ago, we had no reasoning models and even very basic arithmetic was outside of the models' grasp. Coding assistants mostly worked on the level of tab-completing individual functions, but now I can one-shot demo-able prototypes (albeit nothing production-ready) of webapps. I assume you consider the latter "integration", but I think coding is so key to how the base models are being trained that this is due to base model improvements too. This is testable - it would be interesting to get something like Claude Code running on top of a year-old open source model and see how it does.
If you're going to call all of that not substantial improvement, we'll have to agree to disagree. Certainly it's the most rapid rate of improvement of any tech I've personally seen since I started programming in the early '00s.
I consider the reasoning models to be primarily a development of efficiency/cost, and I thought the first one was about a year ago, but sure, ok. I don’t think it changes the argument I’m making. The LLM ourobouros / robot centipede has been done, and is not itself a path towards exponential improvement.
To be quite honest, I’ve found very little marginal value in using reasoning models for coding. Tool usage, sure, but I almost never use “reasoning” beyond that.
Also, LLMs still cannot do basic math. They can solve math exams, sure, but you can’t trust them to do a calculation in the middle of a task.
12 months ago, if I fed a list of ~800 poems with about ~250k tokens to an LLM and asked it to summarize this huge collection, they would be completely blind to some poems and were prone to hallucinating not simply verses but full-blown poems. I was testing this with every available model out there that could accept 250k tokens. It just wouldn't work. I also experimented with a subset that was at around ~100k tokens to try other models and results were also pretty terrible. Completely unreliable and nothing it said could be trusted.
Then Gemini 2.5 pro (the first one) came along and suddenly this was no longer the case. Nothing hallucinated, incredible pattern finding within the poems, identification of different "poetic stages", and many other rather unbelievable things — at least to me.
After that, I realized I could start sending in more of those "hard to track down" bugs to Gemini 2.5 pro than other models. It was actually starting to solve them reliably, whereas before it was mostly me doing the solving and models mostly helped if the bug didn't occur as a consequence of very complex interactions spread over multiple methods. It's not like I say "this is broken, fix it" very often! Usually I include my ideas for where the problem might be. But Gemini 2.5 pro just knows how to use these ideas better.
I have also experimented with LLMs consuming conversations, screenshots, and all kinds of ad-hoc documentation (e-mails, summaries, chat logs, etc) to produce accurate PRDs and even full-on development estimates. The first one that actually started to give good results (as in: it is now a part of my process) was, you guessed it, Gemini 2.5 pro. I'll admit I haven't tried o3 or o4-mini-high too much on this, but that's because they're SLOOOOOOOOW. And, when I did try, o4-mini-high was inferior and o3 felt somewhat closer to 2.5 pro, though, like I said, much much slower and...how do I put this....rude ("colder")?
All this to say: while I agree that perhaps the models don't feel like they're particularly better at some tasks which involve coding, I think 2.5 pro has represented a monumental step forward, not just in coding, but definitely overall (the poetry example, to this day, still completely blows my mind. It is still so good it's unbelievable).
Your comment warrants a longer, more insightful reply than I can provide, but I still feel compelled to say that I get the same feeling from o3. Colder, somewhat robotic and unhelpful. It's like the extreme opposite of 4o, and I like neither.
My weapon of choice these days is Claude 4 Opus but it's slow, expensive and still not massively better than good old 3.5 Sonnet
4o tens do be, as they say, sycophantic. It's an AI masking as a helpful human, a personal assistant, a therapist, a friend, a fan, or someone on the other end of a support call. They sometimes embellish things, and will sometimes take a longer way getting to the destination if it makes for a what may be a more enjoyable conversation — they make conversations feel somewhat human.
OpenAI's reasoning models, though, feel more like an AI masking a code slave. It is not meant to embellish, to beat around the bush or to even be nice. Its job is to give you the damn answer.
This is why the o* models are terrible for creative writing, for "therapy" or pretty much anything that isn't solving logical problems. They are built for problem solving, coding, breaking down tasks, getting to the "end" of it. You present them a problem you need solved and they give you the solution, sometimes even omitting the intermediate steps because that's not what you asked for. (Note that I don't get this same vibe from 2.5 at all)
Ultimately, it's this "no-bullshit" approach that feels incredibly cold. It often won't even offer alternative suggestions, and it certainly doesn't bother about feelings because feelings don't really matter when solving problems. You may often hear 4o say it's "sorry to hear" about something going wrong in your life, whereas o* models have a much higher threshold for deciding that maybe they ought to act like a feeling machine, rather than a solving machine.
I think this is likely pretty deliberate of OpenAI. They must for some reason believe that if the model is much concise in its final answers (though not necessarily in the reasoning process, which we can't really see), then it produces better results. Or perhaps they lose less money on it, I don't know.
Claude is usually my go-to model if I want to "feel" like I'm talking to more of a human, one capable of empathy. 2.5 pro has been closing the gap, though. Also, Claude used to be by far much better than all other models at European Portuguese (+ portuguese culture and references in general), but, again, 2.5 pro seems just as good nowadays).
On another note, this is also why I also completely understand the need for the two kinds of models for OpenAI. 4o is the model I'll use to review an e-mail, because it won't just try to remove all the humanity of it and make it the most succinct, bland, "objective" thing — which is what the o* models will.
In other words, I think: (i) o* models are supposed to be tools, and (ii) 4o-like models are supposed to be "human".
Its great when they use AI to write a small app “without coding at all” over the weekend and then come in on Monday to brag about it and act baffled that tasks take engineers any time at all.
On my personal projects it's easily 10x faster if not more in some circumstances.
At work where things are planned out months in advanced and I'm working with 5 different teams to figure out the right way to do things for requirements that change 8 times during development? Even just stuff with PR review and making sure other people understand it and can access it. idk sometimes it's probably break even or that 10-15%.
It just doesn't work well in some environments and what really makes it flourish (having super high quality architectural planning/designs/standardized patterns etc.) is basically just not viable at anything but the smallest startups and solo projects.
Frankly even just getting engineers to agree upon those super specificized standardized patterns is asking a ton, especially since lots of the things that help AI out are not what they are used to. As soon as you have stuff that starts deviating it can confuse the AI and makes that 10x no longer accessible. Also no one would want to review the PRs I'd make for the changes I do on my "10x" local project... Especially maintaining those standards is already hard enough on my side projects AI will naturally deviate and create noise and the challenge is constructing systems to guide that to make sure nothing deviates (since noise would lead to more noise).
I think it's mostly a rebalancing thing, if you have 1 or a couple like minded engineers who intend to do it they can get that 10x. I do not see that EVER existing in any actual corporate environment or even once you get more then like 4 people tbh.
Ai for middle management and project planning on the other hand...
It's just another tech hype wave. Reality will be somewhere between total doom and boundless utopia. But probably neither of those.
The AI thing kind of reminds me of the big push to outsource software engineers in the early 2000's. There was a ton of hype among executives about it, and it all seemed plausible on paper. But most of those initiatives ended up being huge failures, and nearly all of those jobs came back to the US.
People tend to ignore a lot of the little things that glue it all together that software engineers do. AI lacks a lot of this. Foreigners don't necessarily lack it, but language barriers, time zone differences, cultural differences, and all sorts of other things led to similar issues. Code quality and maintainability took a nosedive and a lot of the stuff produced by those outsourced shops had to be thrown in the trash.
I can already see the AI slop accumulating in the codebases I work in. It's super hard to spot a lot of these things that manage to slip through code review, because they tend to look reasonable when you're looking at a diff. The problem is all the redundant code that you're not seeing, and the weird abstractions that make no sense at all when you look at it from a higher level.
This was what I was saying to a friend the other day. I think anyone vaguely competent that is using LLMs will make the technology look far better than it is.
Management thinks the LLM is doing most of the work. Work is off shored. Oh, the quality sucks when someone without a clue is driving. We need to hire again.
The reports from analysis of open source projects are that its something in the range of 10%-15% productivity gains... so it sounds like you're spot on
AI is the new uplift. Embrace and adapt, as a rift is forming (see my talk at https://ghuntley.com/six-month-recap/), in what employers seek in terms of skills from employees.
I'm happy to answer any questions folks may have. Currently AFK [2] vibecoding a brand new programming language [1].
I’m a tech lead and I have maybe 5X output now compared to everybody else under me. Quantified by scoring tickets at a team level. I also have more responsibilities outside of IC work compared to the people under me. At this point I’m asking my manager to fire people that still think llms are just toys because I’m tired of working with people with this poor mindset. A pragmatic engineer continually reevaluates what they think they know. We are at a tipping point now. I’m done arguing with people that have a poor model of reality. The rest of us are trying to compete and get shit done. This isn’t an opinion or a game. It’s business with real life consequences if you fall behind. I’ve offered to share my workflows, prompts, setup. Guess how many of these engineers have taken me up on my offer. 1-2 and the juniors or ones that are very far behind have not.
It’s funny. We fired someone with this attitude Thursday. And by this attitude I mean yours.
Not necessarily because of their attitude but because it turns out the software they were shipping was ripe with security issues. Security managed to quickly detect and handle the resulting incident. I can’t say his team were sad to see him go.
It’s not toxic for me to expect someone to get their work done in a reasonable amount of time with the tools available to them. If you’re an accountant and you take 5X the time to do something because you have beef with excel you’re the problem. It’s not toxicity to tell you that you are a bad accountant
You believe the cost of firing and rehiring to be cheaper than simple empirical persuasion?
You don't sound like a great lead to me, but I suppose you could be working with absolutely incompetent individuals, or perhaps your soft skills need work.
My apologies but I see only two possibilities for others not to take the time to follow your example given such strong evidence. They either actively dislike you or are totally incompetent. I find the former more often true than the latter.
You have about 50% of HN thinking LLMs are useless and you’re commenting on an article about how it’s still magical and wishful thinking, and that this is crypto all over again. But sure, the problem is me, not the people with a poor model of reality
You believe the cost of firing and rehiring to be cheaper than simple empirical persuasion?
My apologies but that does not sound like good leadership to me. It actually sounds like you may have deficiencies in your skills as it relates to leadership. Perhaps in a few years we will have an LLM who can provide better leadership.
Are you the one at Ableton responsible for it ignoring the renaming of parameter names during the setState part of a Live program? Some of us are already jumping through ridiculous hoops to cover for your… mindset. There's stuff coming up that used to work and doesn't now, like in Live 12. From your response I would guess this is a trend that will hold.
We should not be having to code special 'host is Ableton Live' cases in JUCE just to get your host to work like the others.
Can you please not fire any people who are still holding your operation together?
_So much_ work in the 'services' industries globally comes down to really a human transposing data from one Excel sheet to another (or from a CRM/emails to Excel), manually. Every (or nearly every) enterprise scale company will have hundreds if not thousands of FTEs doing this kind of work day in day out - often with a lot of it outsourced. I would guess that for every 1 software engineer there are 100 people doing this kind of 'manual data pipelining'.
So really for giant value to be created out of LLMs you do not need them to be incredible at OCaml. They just need to ~outperform humans on Excel. Where I do think MCP really helps is that you can connect all these systems together easily, and a lot of the errors in this kind of work came from trying to pass the entire 'task' in context. If you can take an email via MCP, extract some data out and put it into a CRM (again via MCP) a row at a time the hallucination rate is very low IME. I would say at least a junior overworked human level.
Perhaps this was the point of the article, but non-determinism is not an issue for these kind of use cases, given all the humans involved are not deterministic either. We can build systems and processes to help enforce quality on non deterministic (eg: human) systems.
Finally, I've followed crypto closely and also LLMs closely. They do not seem to be similar in terms of utility and adoption. The closest thing I can recall is smartphone adoption. A lot of my non technical friends didn't think/want a smartphone when the iPhone first came out. Within a few years, all of them have them. Similar with LLMs. Virtually all of my non technical friends use it now for incredibly varied use cases.
Making a comparison to crypto is lazy criticism. It’s not even worth validating. It’s people who want to take the negative vibe from crypto and repurpose it. The two technologies have nothing to do with each other, and therefore there’s clearly no reason to make comparative technical assessments between them.
That said, the social response is a trend of tech worship that I suspect many engineers who have been around the block are weary of. It’s easy to find unrealistic claims, the worst coming from the CEOs of AI companies.
At the same time, a LOT of people are practically computer illiterate. I can only imagine how exciting it must seem to people who have very limited exposure to even basic automation. And the whole “talking computer” we’ve all become accustomed to seeing in science fiction is pretty much becoming reality.
There’s a world of takes in there. It’s wild.
I worked in ML and NLP several years before AI. What’s most striking to me is that this is way more mainstream than anything that has ever happened in the field. And with that comes a lot of inexperience in designing with statistical inference. It’s going to be the Wild West for a while — in opinions, in successful implementation, in learning how to form realistic project ideas.
Look at it this way: now your friend with a novel app idea can be told to do it themselves. That’s at least a win for everyone.
>I would guess that for every 1 software engineer there are 100 people doing this kind of 'manual data pipelining'.
For what time of company is this true? I really would like someone to just do a census of 500 white collar jobs and categorize them all. Anything that is truly automatic has already been automated away.
I do think AI will cause a lot of disruption, but very skeptical of the view that most people with white collar jobs are just "email jobs" or data entry. That doesn't fit my experience at all, and I've worked at some large bureaucratic companies that people here would claim are stuck in the past.
> Like most skeptics and critics, I use these tools daily. And 50% of the time they work 50% of the time.
I use LLMs nearly every day for my job as of about a year ago and they solve my issues about 90% of the time. I have a very hard time deciphering if these types of complaints about AI/LLMs should be taken seriously, or written off as irrational use patterns by some users. For example, I have never fed an LLM a codebase and expected it to work magic. I ask direct, specific questions at the edge of my understanding (not beyond it) and apply the solutions in a deliberate and testable manner.
if you're taking a different approach and complaining about LLMs, I'm inclined to think you're doing it wrong. And missing out on the actual magic, which is small, useful and fairly consistent.
Hmm. Ok so you're basically quoting the line from The Weatherman "60% of the time, it works all of the time."
I also use gpt and Claude daily via cursor.
Gpt o3 is kinda good for general knowledge searches. Claude falls down all the time, but I've noticed that while it's spending tokens to jerk itself off, quite often it happens on the actual issue going on with out recognizing it.
Models are dumb and more idiot than idiot savant, but sometimes they hit on relevant items. As long as you personally have an idea of what you need to happen and treat LLMs like rat terriers in a farm field, you can utilize them properly
I just went through the last 10 chat titles and all of them were spot on for me. Maybe the person you’re responding to has a different experience than you do and calling their perspective “suspect” is somewhat uncharitable.
(There are times I do other kinds of work and it fails terribly. My main point stands.)
You're doing the same thing the article talks against. Some people claim miraculous results, while the reality for most is far less successful. But maybe you keep rolling the LLM dice and you keep winning? I personally don't like gambling with my time and energy, especially when I know the rules of the game are so iffy.
Nah I’m all over the place. I said the last 10, to check if the 90% claim could be true if you do what I’ve done recently: use it for tons of little general ad hoc things rather than eg code needing serious accuracy.
I don’t “trust” it in the way I’d trust a smart colleague. We know how this works: use it for info that has a lot of results, or ask it to ground itself if it’s eg new info and you can’t rely on training memory. Asking it about esoteric languages or algo’s or numbers will just make you sad. It will generate 1000 confident tokens. But if you told me to lose Google or ChatGPT+Claude, Google is getting dumped instantly.
It ranged from whether an epic v10 sport surf ski was a good fit for a newbie, to entra ID questions, to local data residency compliance laws, new jira alternatives, why schools ask for closed shoes, text to speech tool search. Many of these I use eg o4-mini-high for because I want it to ground itself: find material and compile something for me, but get me an answer fairly quickly.
Ones that don’t work but weren’t in the last 10: voice. It sounds amazing but is dumb as rocks. Feels like most of the GPU compute is for the media, not smarts. A question about floating solar heaters for pools. It fed me scam material. A question about negotiating software pricing. Just useless, parroted my points back at me.
I scale models up and down based on need. Very simple: gpt-40. Smarts: o4-mini-high. Research: deep research. I love Claude but at some point it kept running out of capacity so I’d move elsewhere. Although nothing beats it for artefacts. MS Copilot if I want a quick answer to something MS oriented. It’s terrible but it’s easy to access.
Coding is generally Windsurf but honestly that’s been rare for the last month. Been too busy doing other things.
I'm a retired programmer. I can't imagine trusting code generated by probablities for anything mission critical. If it were close and just needed minor tweaks I could understand that. But I don't have experience with it.
My comment is mainly to say LLMs are amazing in areas that are not coding, like brainstorming, blue sky thinking, filling in research details, asking questions that make me reflect. I treat the LLM like a thinking partner. It does make mistakes, but those can be caught easily by checking other sources, or even having another LLM review the conclusions.
I tried the "thinking partner" approach for a while and for a moment I thought it worked well, but at some point the cracks started to show and I called the bluff. LLMs are extremely good at creating an illusion that they know things and are capable of reasoning, but they really don't do a good job of cultivating intellectual conversation.
I think it's dangerously easy to get misled when trying to prod LLMs for knowledge, especially if it's a field you're new to. If you were using a regular search engine, you could look at the source website to determine the trustworthiness of its contents, but LLMs don't have that. The output can really be whatever, and I don't agree it's necessarily that easy to catch the mistakes.
This is very model-dependent. If you use something heavy on sycophancy and low on brain cells (like GPT-4o, the default paid ChatGPT model), you'll get lots and lots of cracks because these models are optimised for engagement.
That said, don't use model output directly. Use it to extract "shibboleth" keywords and acronyms in that domain, then search those up yourself with a classical search engine (or in a follow-up LLM query). You'll access a lot of new information that way, simply because you know how to surface it now.
You don't say what LLM you are using. I'm using ChatGPT 4o. I'm getting great results, but I review the output with a skeptical eye similar to how I read Wikipedia articles. Like Wikipedia, GPT 4o is great for surfacing new topics for research and does it quickly, which makes stream of thought easier.
Well; I can't speak to your specific experience (current or past) but I'm telling you that while I'm skeptical as hell about EVERYTHING, it's blowing my expectations away in every conceivable way.
I built something in less than 24h that I'm sure would have taken us MONTHS to just get off the ground, let alone to the polished version it's at right now. The most impressive thing is that it can do all of the things that I absolutely can do, just faster. But the most impressive thing is that it can do all the things I cannot possibly do and would have had to hire up/contract out to accomplish--for far less money, time, and with faster iterations than if I had to communicate with another human being.
It's not perfect and it's incredibly frustrating at times (hardcoding values into the code when I have explicitly told it not to; outright lying that it made a particular fix, when it actually changed something else entirely unrelated), but it is a game changer IMO.
> I built something in less than 24h that I'm sure would have taken us MONTHS to just get off the ground, let alone to the polished version it's at right now
See, your comment is a good example of what's going wrong. The OP specifically mentioned "mission critical things" - My interpretation of that would be things that are not allowed to break, because otherwise people might die, in the worst case - and you were talking about just SOMETHING that got "done" faster. No mention about anything critical.
Of course, I was playing around with claude code, too, and I was fascinated how fun it can be and yes, you can get stuff done. But I have absolutely no clue what the code is doing and if there are some nasty mistakes. So it kinda worked, but I would not use that for anything "mission critical" (whatever this means).
The mission of a professional programmer is to deliver code that works according to the design specs, handles edge cases, fails gracefully and doesn't contain performance bottlenecks. It could be software for a water plant, or software that incurs charges to accomplish it's task and could bankrupt you if there is a mistake. It doesn't have to be a matter of life or death.
But there are a lot of projects and problem domains that don't even demand that much or have any real consequences for failure. I look at all the self-service stuff my employer has for HR, benefits, policy compliance, it's all half-broken, nobody ever seems to get held to fixing anything, and the only answers are "try it again later."
Professional programmers built this stuff too, or maybe it was vibe-coded but since it's been like that for years I think probably not.
But we don't know where on the spectrum of "people might die" to "try again later" most of these programmers who claim great productivity gains from LLMs lie. Maybe it is making them 10x faster at churning out shit, who knows? They might not even realise it themselves.
> "This library (including the schema documentation) was largely written with the help of Claude, the AI model by Anthropic. Claude's output was thoroughly reviewed by Cloudflare engineers with careful attention paid to security and compliance with standards. Many improvements were made on the initial output, mostly again by prompting Claude (and reviewing the results)."
I don't understand. Of course you should read the code. There is no responsible engineer that would advocate for blindly accepting code written by another party for critical functions, be that a human or an LLM.
I've been programming for 40 years and have started using LLM's a few months ago, and it has really changed the way I work. I let it write pieces of code (pasting error messages from logs mostly result in a fix in less then a minute), but also brainstorming about architecture or new solutions. Of course I check the code it writes, but I'm still almost daily amazed at the intelligence and accuracy. (Very much unlike crypto).
All code, including stuff that we experienced coders write is inherently probabilistic. That’s why we have code reviews, unit tests, pair programming, guidelines and guardrails in any critical project. If you’re using LLM output uncritically, you’re doing it wrong, but if you’re using _human_ output uncritically you’re doing it wrong too.
That said, they are not magic, and my fear is that people use copilots and agentic models and all the rest to hide poor engineering practice, building more and more boilerplate instead of refactoring or redesigning for efficiency or safety or any of the things that matter in the long run.
There's one thing that I find LLM extremely good at: data science. Since the IO is well defined, you can easily verify that the output is correct. You can even ask it write tests for you given that you know certain properties of the data.
The problem is that the LLM needs context of what you are doing, contexts that you won't (or too lazy) to give in a chat with it ala ChatGPT. This is where Claude Code changes the game.
For example, you have PCAP file where each UDP packet contain multiple messages.
How do you filter the IP/port/protocol/time? Use LLM, check the output
How do you find the number of packets that have patterns A, AB, AAB, ABB.... Use LLM, check the output
How to create PCAPs that only contain those packets for testing? Use LLM, check the output
Etc etc
Since it can read your code, it is able to infer (because lets be honest, you work aint special) what you are trying to do at a much better rate. In any case, the fact that you can simply ask "Please write a unit test for all of the above functions" means that you can help it verify itself.
I have to say I’m in the exact camp the author is complaining about. I’ve shipped non trivial greenfield products which I started back when it was only ChatGPT and it was shitty. I started using Claude with copying and pasting back and forth between the web chat and XCode. Then I discovered Cursor. It left me with a lot of annoying build errors, but my productivity was still at least 3x. Now that agents are better and claude 4 is out, I barely ever write code, and I don’t mind. I’ve leaned into the Architect/Manager role and direct the agent with my specialized knowledge if I need to.
I started a job at a demanding startup and it’s been several months and I have still not written a single line of code by hand. I audit everything myself before making PRs and test rigorously, but Cursor + Sonnet is just insane with their codebase. I’m convinced I’m their most productive employee and that’s not by measuring lines of code, which don’t matter; people who are experts in the codebase ask me for help with niche bugs I can narrow in on in 5-30 minutes as someone whose fresh to their domain. I had to lay off taking work away from the front end dev (which I’ve avoided my whole career) because I was stepping on his toes, fixing little problems as I saw them thanks to Claude. It’s not vibe coding - there’s a process of research and planning and perusing in careful steps, and I set the agent up for success. Domain knowledge is necessary. But I’m just so floored how anyone could not be extracting the same utility from it. It feels like there’s two articles like this every week now.
Look, the person who wrote that comment doesn't need to prove anything to you just because you're hopped up after reading a blog post that has clearly given you a temporary dopamine bump.
People who understand their domains well and are excellent written communicators can craft prompts that will do what we used to spend a week spinning up. It's self-evident to anyone in that situation, and the only thing we see when people demand "evidence" is that you aren't using the tools properly.
We don't need to prove anything because if you are working on interesting problems, even the most skeptical person will prove it to themselves in a few hours.
Feeling triggered? Feeling afraid? And yes, every claim needs to be proven, otherwise those who make the claims will only convince 4 year olds.
>People who understand their domains well and are excellent written communicators can craft prompts that will do what we used to spend a week spinning up. It's self-evident to anyone in that situation, and the only thing we see when people demand "evidence" is that you aren't using the tools properly.
You have no proof of this, so I guess you chose your camp already?
Same experience here, probably in a slightly different way of work (PhD student). Was extremely skeptical of LLMs, Claude Code has completely transformed the way I work.
It doesn't take away the requirements of _curation_ - that remains firmly in my camp (partially what a PhD is supposed to teach you! to be precise and reflective about why you are doing X, what do you hope to show with Y, etc -- breakdown every single step, explain those steps to someone else -- this is a tremendous soft skill, and it's even more important now because these agents do not have persistent world models / immediately forget the goal of a sequence of interactions, even with clever compaction).
If I'm on my game with precise communication, I can use CC to organize computation in a way which has never been possible before.
It's not easier than programming (if you care about quality!), but it is different, and it comes with different idioms.
I find that the code quality LLMs output is pretty bad. I end up going through so many iterations that it ends up being faster to do it myself. What I find agents actually useful for is doing large scale mechanical refractors. Instead of trying to figure out the perfect vim macro or AST rewrite script, I'll throw an agent at it.
I disagree strongly at this point. The code is generally good if the prompt was reasonable at this point but also every test possible is now being written, every ui element has the all required traits, every function has the correct documentation attached, the million little refactors to improve the codebase are being done, etc.
Someone told me ‘ai makes all the little things trivial to do’ and i agree strongly with that. Those many little things are things that together make a strong statement about quality. Our codebase has gone up in quality significantly with ai whereas we’d let the little things slide due to understaffing before.
Otherwise, 99% of my code these days is LLM generated, there's a fair amount of visible commits from my opensource on my profile https://github.com/wesen .
A lot of it is more on the system side of things, although there are a fair amount of one-off webapps, now that I can do frontends that don't suck.
I’d like to, but purposefully am using a throwaway account. It’s an iOS app rated 4.5 stars on the app store and has a nice community. Mild userbase, in the hundreds.
Please re-read the article. Especially the first list of things we don't know about you, your projects etc.
Your specific experience cannot be generalized. And speaking as the author, and who is (as written in the article) literally using these tools everyday.
> But I’m just so floored how anyone could not be extracting the same utility from it. It feels like there’s two articles like this every week now.
This is where we learn that you haven't actually read the article. Because it is very clearly stating, with links, that I am extracting value from these tools.
And the article is also very clearly not about extracting or not extracting value.
I did read the entire article before commenting and acknowledge that you are using them to some affect, but the line about 50% of the time it works 50% of the time is where I lost faith in the claims you’re making. I agree it’s very context dependent but, in the same way, you did not outline your approaches and practices in how you use AI in your workflow. The same lack of context exists on the other side of the argument.
I agree about the 50/50 thing. It's about how much Claude helped me, and I use it daily too.
I'll give some context, though.
- I use OCaml and Python/SQL, on two different projects.
- Both are single-person.
- The first project is a real-time messaging system, the second one is logging a bunch of events in an SQL database.
In the first project, Claude has been... underwhelming. It casually uses C idioms, overabuses records and procedural programming, ignores basic stuff about the OCaml standard library, and even gave me some data structures that slowed me down later down the line. It also casuallyies about what functions does.
A real example: `Buffer.add_utf_8_uchar` adds the ASCII representation of an utf8 char to a buffer, so it adds something that looks like `\123\456` for non-ascii.
I had to scold Claude for using this function to add an utf8 character to a Buffer so many times I've lost count.
In the second project, Claude really shined. Making most of the SQL database and moving most of the logic to the SQL engine, writing coherent and readable Python code, etc.
I think the main difference is that the first one is an arcane project in an underdog language. The second one is a special case of a common "shovel through lists of stuffs and stuff them in SQL" problem, in the most common language.
> …the line about 50% of the time it works 50% of the time is where I lost faith in the claims you’re making…
That's where the author lost me as well. I'd really be interested in a deep dive on their workflow/tools to understand how I've been so unbelievably lucky in comparison.
> but the line about 50% of the time it works 50% of the time is where I lost faith in the claims you’re making.
It's a play on the Anchorman joke that I slightly misremembered: "60% of the time it works 100% of the time"
> is where I lost faith in the claims you’re making.
Ah yes. You lost faith in mine, but I have to have 100% faith in your 100% unverified claim about "job at a demanding startup" where "you still haven't written a single line of code by hand"?
Why do you assume that your word and experience is more correct than mine? Or why should anyone?
> you did not outline your approaches and practices in how you use AI in your workflow
No one does. And if you actually read the article, you'd see that is literally the point.
This reads like the author is mad about imprecision in the discourse which is real but to be quite frank more rampant amongst detractors than promoters, who often have to deal with the flaws and limitations on a day to day basis.
The conclusion that everything around LLMs is magical thinking seems to be fairly hubristic to me given that in the last 5 years a set of previously borderline intractable problems have become completely or near completely solved, translation, transcription, and code generation (up to some scale), for instance.
Many well-trusted and reasonable tech folks who are known for sober takes on subjects have reported substantial improvements in their programming work by using various forms of generative AI.
What does substantial mean? Somewhere between 5% and 100%. Something NOT insignificant.
At a minimum, it is safe to say that GenAI is or could be a significantly beneficial tool for a significant number of people.
It's not required that folks disclose how many CPUs, lines of code, numbers of bytes processed, or other details for the above to be a reasonable take.
The point about non-determinism is moot if you understand how it works. An accurate LLM always gives the same result where the same result is needed, no matter how many times you ask it. Try asking any LLM what is 2x2 on a temperature it's designed for, what are the chances to get 5 in a reply?
In reality, modern LLMs trained with RL have terrible variance and mainly learn 1:1 mapping of ideas to ideas, which is a big issue for creative writing and parallel inference/majority voting techniques, so there's even less meaningful "non-determinism" available than you might think. It's usually either able or not able to give the correct answer, rerolling it doesn't work well. I think even a human has more non-determinism than a modern LLM (it's impossible to measure though).
Loosely related, but I find the use of AGI (and sometimes even AI) as terms annoying lately. Especially in scientific papers, where I would imagine everything to be well defined. If at least in how it is used in that paper.
So, why can't we just come up with some definition for what AGI is? We could then, say, logically prove that some AI fits that definition. Even if this doesn't seem practically useful, it's theoretically much more useful than just using that term with no meaning.
Instead it kind of feels like it's an escape hatch. On wikipedia we have "a type of ai that would match or surpass human capabilities across virtually all cognitive tasks". How could we measure that? What good is this if we can't prove that a system has this property?
Bit of a rant but I hope it's somewhat legible still.
You don't need consensus on the meaning across the board. I maintain my own, more permissive milestone for what constitutes "AGI", but I have no expectations that others will share it. Much like "crypto" to me is still cryptography, not cryptocurrency - sometimes the mainstream will just have a different opinion.
We recently started using LLMs at our company, and the first job I had was to transcribe 20k customer calls and extract the following info:
1) what products we're usually compared to
2) what problems users have with our software
3) what use cases users mention most often
What used to take weeks of research took just a couple of hours. It helped us form a new strategy and brought real business value.
I see LLMs as just a natural language processing engine, and they're great at that. Some people overhype it, sure, but that doesn't change the fact that it's been genuinely useful for our cases. Not sure what's up with all those "LLM bad" articles. If it doesn't work for you, just move on. Why should anyone have to prove anything to anyone? It's just a tool.
I think you are underestimating the negative impacts that overhype cause. It's distorting the market, causing over investment, preemptively slashing departments, and creating an expectation that will never be meet. These articles are important for cooling expectations. When people sell LLMs, they usually aren't talking about summarizing customer support calls, they are trying to sell the idea of firing customer support staff.
If anything, the LLM overhype is starting to die down........to make way for the AI Agent hype which is on trajectory to be 1000X worse. People are writing articles and making videos about how AI Agents will replace SaaS. What?
The OP compares the current LLM hype to crypto, but I think it's more fair to compare it to the dotcom bubble. When a new, interesting technology appears, there's always a lot of hype around it - I think it's natural. People are still figuring out what works and what doesn't. Naturally, some overoptimistic people overhype it. The dotcom bubble burst; nonetheless, the internet is now an integral part of our lives. Despite the hype, crypto was always a very niche area, while currently even my grandmother uses ChatGPT - just like the internet.
And of course it says first law that applies here.
The people I have talked to at length about using AI tools claim that it has been a boon for productivity: a nurse, a doctor, three (old) software developers, a product manager, and a graduate student in Control Systems.
It is entirely believable that it may not, on average, help the average developer.
I'm reminded of the old joke that ends with "who are you going to believe, me or you're lying eyes?"
Similar argument to https://www.baldurbjarnason.com/2025/trusting-your-own-judge..., but I like this one better because at least it doesn’t try to pull the rhetorical trick of slipping from “we can’t know whether LLMs are helping because we haven’t studied the question systematically” to “actually we do know, and they’re shit”.
It’s a bad and incoherent essay. It simultaneously wants to say “we can’t know”, “we do know and it doesn’t work”, and “we know it makes engineering faster and that’s bad because most engineering is bad.” This isn’t nuance, it’s confusion. Sorry!
I'm working with product managers that are almost certainly using LLMs to generate product requirement docs, complete with code samples, data type definitions, and diagrams. Everything looks good to the untrained eye, but it's complete and utter bullshit. LLM abuse is going to be the end of so many tech companies.
Crypto and NFT situation happened because of our society, media and vc/startup landscape who hype things up a lot for their own reasons. We treat massive technologies as new brands of bottled water. Or, actually, as a new hype toy as fidget spinners or pop it toys. This tech is massively more complex and you have to invest time to learn about its abilities, limitations and potential developments. Almost nobody actually does this, it's easier to follow hype train and put money into something that grows up and looks cool without obvious cons. Crypto is cool for some stuff. On the other hand, where's your Stepn (and move to earn in general), decentraland cities, Apes that will make a multimedia universe? Where's "you'll be paying using crypto for everything"?
Same for LLMs and AI: it is awesome for some things and absolutely sucks for other things. Curiously tho, it feels like UX was solved by making chats, but it actually still sucks enormously, as with crypto. It is mostly sufficient for doing basic stuff. It is difficult to predict where we'll land on the curve of difficult (or expensive) vs abilities. I'd bet AI will get way more capable, but even now you can't really deny its usefulness.
Except the benefits of LLM adoption can be measured empirically, with your own eyes. And don't require network effects to fully realise benefits, unlike cryptocurrency and NFTs. Ignoring the hype and doing your own thing with it is a good choice.
I agree to some level, but crypto and NFTs also have value without network effects present.
You could even argue that without network effects AI is also very limited: way less users -> way worse models. It took OpenAI to commit capital first to pull this off.
The point is I think comparing these areas (and other tech) is still interesting and worthy.
AI helped me find a bug that was going undetected and also helped me fix it. I was debugging a completely different bug, and decided to get a bit creative with what context i should share. AI pointed out the other bug. What I'm trying to say is people should stop talking about AI making them faster, that is not a good goal, unless your manager sucks. People should talk about concrete cases of how AI helped them instead. Another example I can give is AI helped me understand a part of a complicated protocol without reading the spec. It explained just the part I needed at the moment. AI made me dread my work less. I hope founders start getting creative with AI tools instead of copying each other.
I am impressed by speed of the sound goalpost movement.
Few days ago Google released very competent summary generator, interpreter between 10-s of languages, gpt-3 class general purpose assistant.
Working locally on modest hardware. On 5 years old laptop, no discrete GPU.
It alone potentially saves so much toil, so much stupid work.
We also finally “solved computer vision”. Read from PDF, read diagrams and tables.
Local vision models are much less impressive and need some care to use. Give it 2 years.
I don't know if we can overhype it when it archives holy grail level on some important tasks.
I do PhD research for superconducting materials and right I've been adapting and scaling an existing segmentation model from a research paper for image processing to run multithreaded and took the training runtime per image from 55min to 2min. Yeah it was low hanging fruit but honestly its the type of thing that is just tedious and easy to make mistakes and spend forever debugging.
Like sure I could have done it myself but it would have taken me days to figure out and I would have had to test and read a ton of docs. Claude got it working in like half an hour and generated every data plot I could need. If I wanted to test out different strategies and optimizations, I could iterate through various strategies rapidly.
I don't really like to rely on AI a bunch but it indisputably is incredibly good at certain things. If I am just trying to get something done and don't need to worry about vulnerabilities as it is just data collection code that runs once, it saves a tremendous amount of time. I don't think it will outright replace developers but there is some room for it to expand the effectiveness of individual devs so long as they are actually providing oversight and not just letting it do stuff unchecked.
I think the larger issue is more how economically viable it is for businesses to spend a ton on electricity and compute for me to be able to use it like this for 20 bucks a month. There will be an inevitable enshittification of services once a lot of the spaces investors are dumping money are figured out to be dead ends and people start calling for returns on their investment.
Right now the cash is flowing cause business people don't fully understand what its good at or not but that's not gonna last forever.
ChatGPT can write research papers in about 20 minutes—its the “Deep Research” tool. These are not original papers, but it can perform complex tasks that require multiple steps that would normally take a person hours. No its not a magic superintelligence, but it will transform a lot of white collar labor.
I think it is more like googling: when the search engine appeared, everybody had to learn how to write a good query, even though the expectation was that everybody could use them.
With LLMs, it's quite similar: you have to learn how to use them. Yes, they are non-deterministic, but if you know how to use them, you can increase your chances of getting a good result dramatically. Often, this not only means articulating a task, but also looking at the bigger picture and asking yourself what tasks you should assign in the first place.
For example, I can ask the LLM to write software directly, or I can ask it to write user stories or prototypes and then take a multi-step approach to develop the software. This can make a huge difference in reliability.
And to be clear, I don't mean that every bad result is caused by not correctly handling the LLM (some models are simply poor at specific tasks), but rather that it is a significant factor to consider when evaluating results.
The LLM is more like a Ouija board than a reliable tool.
>I can ask it to write user stories or prototypes
By the time I write enough to explain thoroughly to an LLM what to write in "user stories" or "prototypes", I could have just written it myself, without the middleman(bot), and without the LLM hallucinating.
If half the time I spend with an LLM is telling it what to do, and then another half is correcting what it did, then I'm not really saving any time at all by using it.
Writing the prompt takes time, but in many cases it's like rubber-duck debugging - it helps you to figure out the actual requirements, flow, or even incorrect/missing assumptions. Is it worth the time? Subjective.
I think that the disparity comes between people that are too in the weeds believing that their use cases apply to everyone. The reality is this world is made up of people with a wide array of different needs and AI is yet to proliferate into all usage applications.
Sure some of this comes from a lack of education.
But similar to crypto these movements only have value if the value is widely perceived. We have to work to continue to educate, continue to question, continue to understand different perspectives. All in favor of advancing the movement and coming out with better tech.
I am a supporter of both but I agree with the reference in the article to both becoming echo chambers at times. This is a setback we need to avoid.
> But similar to crypto these movements only have value if the value is widely perceived.
The difference in the AI case is that companies that are actually able to use it to boost productivity significantly will start to outcompete those who don't.
That's why, unlike crypto/blockchain, so many mainstream companies are pouring money into AI. It's not FOMO so much as fear of extinction.
1. he talks about what he's shipped, and yet compares it to crypto – already, you're in a contradiction as to your relative comparison – you straight up shouldn't blog if you can't conceive that these two are opposing thoughts
2. this whole refrain from people of like, "SHOW ME your enterprise codebase that includes lots of LLM code" – HELLO, people who work at private companies CANNOT just reveal their codebase to you for internet points
3. anyone who has actually used these tools has now integrated them into their daily life on the order of millions of people and billions of dollars – unless you think all CEOs are in a grand conspiracy, lying about their teams adopting AI
Crypto is a lifeline for me, as I cannot open a bank account in the country I live in, for reasons I can neither control nor fix. So I am happy if crypto is useless for you. For me and for millions like me, it is a matter of life and death.
As for LLMs — once again, magic for some, reliable deterministic instrument for others (and also magic). Just classified and sorted a few hundreds of invoices. Yes, magic.
I don't think you actually disagree with the authors quip. You seem to want to use crypto as a currency, while OP was most likely referring to the grifting around crypto as an investment. If you're using it as a currency, then the people trying to pump and dump coins and use it for a money making vehicle are your adversaries. You are best served if it's stable instead of a rollercoaster of booms and busts.
This is basically the only use case for crypto, and one for which it was explicitly designed: censorship resistance. This is why people have so much trouble finding useful things for it to do in the legal economy, it was explicitly designed to facilitate transactions the government doesn't want or can't facilitate. In some cases, there are humanitarian applications, there are also a lot of illicit applications.
Said this in another thread and I'll repeat it here:
It's the same problem that crypto experiences. Almost everyone is propagating lies about the technology, even if a majority of those doing so don't understand enough to realize they're lies (naivety vs malice).
I'd argue there's more intentional lying in crypto and less value to be gained, but in both cases people who might derive real benefit from the hard truth of the matter are turning away before they enter the door due to dishonesty/misrepresentation- and in both cases there are examples of people deriving real value today.
> I'd argue there's more intentional lying in crypto
I disagree. Crypto sounds more like intentional lying because it's primarily hyped in contexts typical for scams/gambling. Yes, there are businesses involved (anybody can start one), but they're mostly new businesses or a tiny tack-on to an existing business.
AI is largely being hyped within the existing major corporate structures, therefore its lies just get tagged as as "business as usual". That doesn't make them any less of a lie though.
I think crypto companies and AI companies probably intentionally mislead approximately the same amount as one another, but in crypto the average participant is often bagholding a very short term investment and has a direct and tangible incentive to mislead as many people about it as quickly as possible- whereas in AI people mostly just get lost in the sauce with anthropomorphism.
Anecdotally, I see a lot more bold-facing lies by crypto traders or NFT "collectors" than by LLM enthusiasts.
We've been visited by alien intelligence that is simultaneously fascinating and underwhelming.
The real issue isn't the technology itself, but our complete inability to predict its competence. Our intuition for what should be hard or easy simply shatters. It can display superhuman breadth of knowledge, yet fail with a confident absurdity that, in a person, we'd label as malicious or delusional.
The discourse is stuck because we're trying to map a familiar psychology onto a system that has none. We haven't just built a new tool; we've built a new kind of intellectual blindness for ourselves.
I've developed the following methodology with LLM's and "agentic" (what a dumb fucking word...) workflows:
I will use an LLM/agent if
- I need to get a bunch of coding done and I keep getting booked into meetings. I'll give it a task on my todo list and see how it did when I get done with said meeting(s). Maybe 40% of the time it will have done something I'll keep or just need to do a few tweaks to. YMMV though.
- I need to write up a bunch of dumb boilerplatey code. I've got my rules tuned so that it generally gets this kind of thing right.
- I need a stupid one off script or a little application to help me with a specific problem and I don't care about code quality or maintainability.
- Stack overflow replacement.
- I need to do something annoying but well understood. An XML serializer in Java for example.
- Unit tests. I'm questioning if this ones a good idea though outside of maybe doing some of the setup work though. I find I generally come to understand my code better through the exercise of writing up tests. Sometimes you're in a hurry though so...<shrug>
With any of the above, if it doesn't get me close to what I want within 2 or 3 tries, I just back off and do the work. I also avoid building things I don't fully understand. I'm not going to waste 3 hours to save 1 hour of coding.
I will not use an LLM if I need to do anything involving business logic and/or need to solve a novel problem. I also don't bother if I am working with novel tech. You'll get way more usable answers asking about Python then you will asking about Elm.
TL;DR - use your brain. Understand how this tech works, its limitations, AND its strengths.
The thing is, the questions such as “are they an expert in the domain” … “are they good at coding to being with” … and so on only really apply to the folks claiming positive results from LLMs. On the flip side, someone not getting much value - or dare I say, a skeptic - pushes back because they _can see_ what the LLM gave them is wrong. I’m not providing any revelatory comment here, but the simple truth is: people who are shit to begin with think this is all amazing/magic/the future.
I follow Emily Bender on LinkedIn. She cuts through the AI hype and is also the author of The AI Con book - https://thecon.ai/
Of course people will either love AI or hate AI - and some don’t care. I am cautious especially when people say ‘AI is here to stay’. It takes away agency.
AI is here to stay, and you do not have agency over that. You can choose not to use it, but that has zero impact on the broader adoption rate. Just like when the automobile was introduced and society as a whole evolved.
Ok. Claude Code produces most code at Anthropic. Theres an enterprise code base, with acute real needs. There are real, experienced SWEs. How much babysitting and reviewing is undetermined; but the Ants seem to tremendously prefer the workflow.
Even crypto people didn’t dogfood their crypto like that, on their own critical path.
In my codebase in my proprietary project, it’s possible that LLMs write around half the code, but that’s just because a lot of the trivial parts of the project are quite verbose.
The really difficult and valuable parts of the codebase are very very far beyond what the current LLMs are capable of, and believe me, I’ve tried!
Writing the majority of the code is very different from creating the majority of the value.
And I really use and value LLMs, but they are not replacing me at the moment.
> Ok. Claude Code produces most code at Anthropic.m
Does it? Or does their marketing tell you that? Strange that "most code is written by Claude" and they still hire for actual humans for all the positions from backend to API to desktop to mobile clients.
> How much babysitting and reviewing is undetermined; but the Ants seem to tremendously prefer the workflow.
So. We know nothing about their codebase, actual flows, programming languages, depth and breadth of usage, how much babysitting is required...
Everything? As a lawyer, I’m producing 2x - with fewer errors. Admittedly, law is a field that mostly involves shuffling words around so it may be the best case scenario, but much of the skepticism comes off as cope.
computer programming and law are very similar. computer code is called code because it is the law that dictates the behavior of the computer. law is a bit different because it is a program that runs on people, who aren't as deterministic as machines, but in theory law and the interpretation of law are also supposed to be completely logical, and you can translate back and forth directly from the logic of law to a logical expression in a computer program.
i specialize in programming, and LLMs are very good right now, if you set them up with the right tooling, feedback based learning methods, and efficient ways of capturing human input (review/approve/suggest/correct/etc).
with programming you have compilers and other static analysis tools that you can use to verify output. for law you need similar static analysis tooling, to verify things like citations, procedural scheduling, electronic filing, etc, but if you loop that tooling in with an llm, the llm will be able to correct errors automatically, and you will get to an agent that can take a statement of fact, find a cause of action, and file a pro se lawsuit for someone.
courts are going to be flooded with lawsuits, on a scale of 10-100X current case loads.
criminal defendants will be able to use a smart phone app to represent themselves, with an AI handling all of the filings and motions, monitoring the trial in real time, giving advice to the defendant on when to make motions and what to say, maximizing delay and cost for the state with maximum efficiency.
with 98% of convictions coming from guilty pleas (https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158356619/plea-bargains-crim...) which are largely driven by not being able to afford the cost of legal services the number of criminal defendants electing to go to full jury trial could easily explode 10-20X or more very quickly.
ChatGPT links to the actual text in a case now. Also, take the output from Claude, and put it into Gemini and tell it to verify holdings. Furthermore, spot checking 10 cases doesn’t take long.
This one is funny though. I'd bet on Bing CoPilot, which now always agrees with "AI" concerns because MSFT has probably realized that no one wants "AI" and takes a more cautious approach.
For what it's worth, I had a similar "that looks like AI writing" response, and it wasn't because it was "too polished". And having looked at the rest of your comment history, the only reason why I'm only at 90% confidence it's all AI-generated rather than 100% is your explicit claims to the contrary. Today's LLMs have a definite style that is, sorry, not the same thing as being "polished", and if your comments have "zero automation involved" then it's quite the extraordinary coincidence how much more like an AI you sound than any other human writer I have ever encountered. And a further coincidence that this very AI-sounding human just happens to be selling services to "unlock Meaningful Business Outcomes With AI".
At my job right now there is an imminent threat from a team empowered to say "what if we asked an AI to just build X instead of having a team build and maintain it?"
X is something where it's straightforward when N is below 50 but deeply complex when N is in the thousands, which for our team it is, and there is a huge risk that this team will get a demo with N=15 that attracts leadership attention and trying to explain why the AI-generated solution does not scale is a career-limiting move framing me as a naysayer, but this AI team would deliver the demo and go away and the inevitable failure of their solution at scale would ALSO be my team's problem, so..... I hate the future.
This is so chatGpt it hurts. Can we petition hn to ban ai generated comments? I see more Reddit communities actively putting a ban on ai, hn should follow if it can be done with the available resources.
Generated comments of any kind are already banned according to dang (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33945628) even though it hasn't been added to the HN guidelines page. So you could legitimately contact the moderators to ask them to investigate.
Software methodologies and workflows are not engineering either, yet we spend a fair amount of time iterating and refining those. You can very much become better at prompt engineering. There is a huge differential between individuals, for example.
The code coming out of LLMs is just as deterministic as code coming out of humans, and despite humans being feckle beings, we still talk of software engineering.
As for LLMs, they are and will forever be "unknowable". The human mind just can't comprehend what a billion parameters trained on trillions of tokens under different regimes for months corresponds to. While science has to do microscopic steps towards understanding the brain, we still have methods to teach, learn, be creative, be rigorous, communicate that do work despite it being this "magical" organ.
With LLMs, you can be pretty rigorous. Benchmarks, evals, and just the vibes of day to day usage if you are a programmer, are not "wishful thinking", they are reasonably effective methods and the best we have.
The best way I’ve heard this described: AI (LLMs) is probably 90% of the way to human levels of reasoning. We can probably get to about 95% optimizing current technology.
Whether or not we can get to 100% using LLMs is an open research problem and far from guaranteed. If we can’t, it’s unclear if it will ever really proliferate the way things hope. That 5% makes a big difference in most non-niche use cases…
I've always looked at it as we're not making software that can think, we're (quite literally) demonstrating that vast categories of things don't need thought (for some quality level). The problem is, it's clearly not 100%, maybe it's 90-some percent, but it doesn't matter, we're only outsourcing the unimportant things that aren't definitional for a task.
This is very typical of naive automation, people assume that most of the work is X and by automating that we replace people, but the thing that's automated is almost never the real bottleneck. Pretty sure I saw an article here yesterday about how writing code is not the bottleneck in software development, and it holds everywhere.
The discussion is completely useless without defining what thought is and then demostrating that LLMs are not capable of it. And I doubt any definition you come up with will be workable.
These percentage estimates of AI's proximity to "human reasoning" are misleading abstractions that mask fundamental qualitative differences in how LLMs and humans process information.
My take is that there are fundamental limitations to try to pigeon-hole reasoning to LLMs, which are essentially a very very advanced autocomplete, and that's why those % won't jump too much too soon.
>The best way I’ve heard this described: AI (LLMs) is probably 90% of the way to human levels of reasoning. We can probably get to about 95% optimizing current technology.
We don't know enough about how LLMs work or about how human reasoning works for this to be at all meaningful. These numbers quantify nothing but wishes and hype.
But that sets expectation way too high. Partly it is due to Amdahl's law: I spend only a portion of my time coding, and far more time thinking and communicating with others that are customers of my code. Even if does make the coding 10x faster (and it doesn't most of the time) overall my productivity is 10-15% better. That is nothing to sneeze at, but it isn't 10x.
At this point I'd say about 1/3 of my web searches are done through ChatGPT o3, and I can't imagine giving it up now.
(There's also a whole psychological angle in how having LLM help sort and rubber-duck your half-baked thought makes many task seem much less daunting, and that alone makes a big difference.)
Once I decide I want to "think a problem through with an LLM", I often start with just the voice mode. This forces me to say things out loud — which is remarkably effective (hear hear rubber duck debugging) — and it also gives me a fundamentally different way of consuming the information the LLM provides me. Instead of being delivered a massive amount of text, where some information could be wrong, I instead get a sequential system where I can stop/pause the LLM/redirect it as soon as something gets me curious or as I find problems with it said.
You would think that having this way of interacting would be limiting, as having a fast LLM output large chunks of information would let you skim through it and commit it to memory faster. Yet, for me, the combination of hearing things and, most of all, not having to consume so much potentially wrong info (what good is it to skim pointless stuff), ensures that ChatGPT's Advanced Voice mode is a great way to initially approach a problem.
After the first round with the voice mode is done, I often move to written-form brainstorming.
Similar situation at my work, but all of the productivity claims from internal early adopters I've seen so far are based on very narrow ways of measuring productivity, and very sketchy math, to put it mildly.
That may also be in part because llms are not as big of an accelerant for junior devs as they are for seniors (juniors don't know what is good and bad as well).
So if you give 1 senior dev a souped up llm workflow I wouldn't be too surprised if they are as productive as 10 pre-llm juniors. Maybe even more, because a bad dev can actually produce negative productivity (stealing from the senior), in which case it's infinityx.
Even a decent junior is mostly limited to doing the low level grunt work, which llms can already do better.
Point is, I can see how jobs could be lost, legitimately.
Precision machining is going through an absolute nightmare where the journeymen or master machinists are aging out of the work force. These were people who originally learned on manual machines, and upgraded to CNC over the years. The pipeline collapsed about 1997.
Now there are no apprentice machinists to replace the skills of the retiring workforce.
This will happen to software developers. Probably faster because they tend to be financially independent WAY sooner than machinists.
Totally agree.
However, I think this pipeline has been taking a hit for a while already because juniors as a whole have been devaluing themselves: if we expect them to leave after one year, what's the point of hiring and training them? Only helping their next employer at that point.
Very few companies put any real thought into meaningful retention but they are quick to complain about turnover.
It is something to sneeze at if you are 10-15% more expensive to employ due to the cost of the LLM tools. The total cost of production should always be considered, not just throughput.
Claude Max is $200/month, or ~2% of the salary of an average software engineer.
How is one spending anywhere close to 10% of total compensation on LLMs?
You had to paste more into your prompts back then to make the output work with the rest of your codebase, because there weren't good IDEs/"agents" for it, but you've been able to get really really good code for 90% of "most" day to day SWE since at least OpenAI releasing the ChatGPT-4 API, which was a couple years ago.
Today it's a lot easier to demo low-effort "make a whole new feature or prototype" things than doing the work to make the right API calls back then, but most day to day work isn't "one shot a new prototype web app" and probably won't ever be.
I'm personally more productive than 1 or 2 years ago now because the time required to build the prompts was slower than my personal rate of writing code for a lot of things in my domain, but hardly 10x. It usually one-shots stuff wrong, and then there's a good chance that it'll take longer to chase down the errors than it would've to just write the thing - or only use it as "better autocomplete" - in the first place.
So? It sounds like you're prodding us to make an extrapolation fallacy (I don't even grant the "10x in 12 months" point, but let's just accept the premise for the sake of argument).
Honestly, 12 months ago the base models weren't substantially worse than they are right now. Some people will argue with me endlessly on this point, and maybe they're a bit better on the margin, but I think it's pretty much true. When I look at the improvements of the last year with a cold, rational eye, they've been in two major areas:
So how do we improve from here? Cost & efficiency are the obvious lever with historical precedent: GPUs kinda suck for inference, and costs are (currently) rapidly dropping. But, maybe this won't continue -- algorithmic complexity is what it is, and barring some revolutionary change in the architecture, LLMs are exponential algorithms.UI and integration is where most of the rest of the recent improvement has come from, and honestly, this is pretty close to saturation. All of the various AI products already look the same, and I'm certain that they'll continue to converge to a well-accepted local maxima. After that, huge gains in productivity from UX alone will not be possible. This will happen quickly -- probably in the next year or two.
Basically, unless we see a Moore's law of GPUs, I wouldn't bet on indefinite exponential improvement in AI. My bet is that, from here out, this looks like the adoption curve of any prior technology shift (e.g. mainframe -> PC, PC -> laptop, mobile, etc.) where there's a big boom, then a long, slow adoption for the masses.
If you're going to call all of that not substantial improvement, we'll have to agree to disagree. Certainly it's the most rapid rate of improvement of any tech I've personally seen since I started programming in the early '00s.
To be quite honest, I’ve found very little marginal value in using reasoning models for coding. Tool usage, sure, but I almost never use “reasoning” beyond that.
Also, LLMs still cannot do basic math. They can solve math exams, sure, but you can’t trust them to do a calculation in the middle of a task.
Then Gemini 2.5 pro (the first one) came along and suddenly this was no longer the case. Nothing hallucinated, incredible pattern finding within the poems, identification of different "poetic stages", and many other rather unbelievable things — at least to me.
After that, I realized I could start sending in more of those "hard to track down" bugs to Gemini 2.5 pro than other models. It was actually starting to solve them reliably, whereas before it was mostly me doing the solving and models mostly helped if the bug didn't occur as a consequence of very complex interactions spread over multiple methods. It's not like I say "this is broken, fix it" very often! Usually I include my ideas for where the problem might be. But Gemini 2.5 pro just knows how to use these ideas better.
I have also experimented with LLMs consuming conversations, screenshots, and all kinds of ad-hoc documentation (e-mails, summaries, chat logs, etc) to produce accurate PRDs and even full-on development estimates. The first one that actually started to give good results (as in: it is now a part of my process) was, you guessed it, Gemini 2.5 pro. I'll admit I haven't tried o3 or o4-mini-high too much on this, but that's because they're SLOOOOOOOOW. And, when I did try, o4-mini-high was inferior and o3 felt somewhat closer to 2.5 pro, though, like I said, much much slower and...how do I put this....rude ("colder")?
All this to say: while I agree that perhaps the models don't feel like they're particularly better at some tasks which involve coding, I think 2.5 pro has represented a monumental step forward, not just in coding, but definitely overall (the poetry example, to this day, still completely blows my mind. It is still so good it's unbelievable).
My weapon of choice these days is Claude 4 Opus but it's slow, expensive and still not massively better than good old 3.5 Sonnet
4o tens do be, as they say, sycophantic. It's an AI masking as a helpful human, a personal assistant, a therapist, a friend, a fan, or someone on the other end of a support call. They sometimes embellish things, and will sometimes take a longer way getting to the destination if it makes for a what may be a more enjoyable conversation — they make conversations feel somewhat human.
OpenAI's reasoning models, though, feel more like an AI masking a code slave. It is not meant to embellish, to beat around the bush or to even be nice. Its job is to give you the damn answer.
This is why the o* models are terrible for creative writing, for "therapy" or pretty much anything that isn't solving logical problems. They are built for problem solving, coding, breaking down tasks, getting to the "end" of it. You present them a problem you need solved and they give you the solution, sometimes even omitting the intermediate steps because that's not what you asked for. (Note that I don't get this same vibe from 2.5 at all)
Ultimately, it's this "no-bullshit" approach that feels incredibly cold. It often won't even offer alternative suggestions, and it certainly doesn't bother about feelings because feelings don't really matter when solving problems. You may often hear 4o say it's "sorry to hear" about something going wrong in your life, whereas o* models have a much higher threshold for deciding that maybe they ought to act like a feeling machine, rather than a solving machine.
I think this is likely pretty deliberate of OpenAI. They must for some reason believe that if the model is much concise in its final answers (though not necessarily in the reasoning process, which we can't really see), then it produces better results. Or perhaps they lose less money on it, I don't know.
Claude is usually my go-to model if I want to "feel" like I'm talking to more of a human, one capable of empathy. 2.5 pro has been closing the gap, though. Also, Claude used to be by far much better than all other models at European Portuguese (+ portuguese culture and references in general), but, again, 2.5 pro seems just as good nowadays).
On another note, this is also why I also completely understand the need for the two kinds of models for OpenAI. 4o is the model I'll use to review an e-mail, because it won't just try to remove all the humanity of it and make it the most succinct, bland, "objective" thing — which is what the o* models will.
In other words, I think: (i) o* models are supposed to be tools, and (ii) 4o-like models are supposed to be "human".
But seriously: If you find yourself agreeing with one and not the other because of sourcing, check your biases.
Frankly even just getting engineers to agree upon those super specificized standardized patterns is asking a ton, especially since lots of the things that help AI out are not what they are used to. As soon as you have stuff that starts deviating it can confuse the AI and makes that 10x no longer accessible. Also no one would want to review the PRs I'd make for the changes I do on my "10x" local project... Especially maintaining those standards is already hard enough on my side projects AI will naturally deviate and create noise and the challenge is constructing systems to guide that to make sure nothing deviates (since noise would lead to more noise).
I think it's mostly a rebalancing thing, if you have 1 or a couple like minded engineers who intend to do it they can get that 10x. I do not see that EVER existing in any actual corporate environment or even once you get more then like 4 people tbh.
Ai for middle management and project planning on the other hand...
The AI thing kind of reminds me of the big push to outsource software engineers in the early 2000's. There was a ton of hype among executives about it, and it all seemed plausible on paper. But most of those initiatives ended up being huge failures, and nearly all of those jobs came back to the US.
People tend to ignore a lot of the little things that glue it all together that software engineers do. AI lacks a lot of this. Foreigners don't necessarily lack it, but language barriers, time zone differences, cultural differences, and all sorts of other things led to similar issues. Code quality and maintainability took a nosedive and a lot of the stuff produced by those outsourced shops had to be thrown in the trash.
I can already see the AI slop accumulating in the codebases I work in. It's super hard to spot a lot of these things that manage to slip through code review, because they tend to look reasonable when you're looking at a diff. The problem is all the redundant code that you're not seeing, and the weird abstractions that make no sense at all when you look at it from a higher level.
Management thinks the LLM is doing most of the work. Work is off shored. Oh, the quality sucks when someone without a clue is driving. We need to hire again.
Your developers still push a mouse around to get work done? Fire them.
AI is the new uplift. Embrace and adapt, as a rift is forming (see my talk at https://ghuntley.com/six-month-recap/), in what employers seek in terms of skills from employees.
I'm happy to answer any questions folks may have. Currently AFK [2] vibecoding a brand new programming language [1].
[1] https://x.com/GeoffreyHuntley/status/1940964118565212606 [2] https://youtu.be/e7i4JEi_8sk?t=29722
Not necessarily because of their attitude but because it turns out the software they were shipping was ripe with security issues. Security managed to quickly detect and handle the resulting incident. I can’t say his team were sad to see him go.
isn't this the entire LLM experience?
It’s not toxic for me to expect someone to get their work done in a reasonable amount of time with the tools available to them. If you’re an accountant and you take 5X the time to do something because you have beef with excel you’re the problem. It’s not toxicity to tell you that you are a bad accountant
You don't sound like a great lead to me, but I suppose you could be working with absolutely incompetent individuals, or perhaps your soft skills need work.
My apologies but I see only two possibilities for others not to take the time to follow your example given such strong evidence. They either actively dislike you or are totally incompetent. I find the former more often true than the latter.
My apologies but that does not sound like good leadership to me. It actually sounds like you may have deficiencies in your skills as it relates to leadership. Perhaps in a few years we will have an LLM who can provide better leadership.
We should not be having to code special 'host is Ableton Live' cases in JUCE just to get your host to work like the others.
Can you please not fire any people who are still holding your operation together?
Everyone else who raises any doubts about LLMs is an idiot and you're 10,000x better than everyone else and all your co-workers should be fired.
But what's absent from all your comments is what you make. Can you tell us what you actually do in your >500k job?
Are you, by any chance, a front-end developer?
Also, a team-lead that can't fire their subordinates isn't a team-lead, they're a number two.
_So much_ work in the 'services' industries globally comes down to really a human transposing data from one Excel sheet to another (or from a CRM/emails to Excel), manually. Every (or nearly every) enterprise scale company will have hundreds if not thousands of FTEs doing this kind of work day in day out - often with a lot of it outsourced. I would guess that for every 1 software engineer there are 100 people doing this kind of 'manual data pipelining'.
So really for giant value to be created out of LLMs you do not need them to be incredible at OCaml. They just need to ~outperform humans on Excel. Where I do think MCP really helps is that you can connect all these systems together easily, and a lot of the errors in this kind of work came from trying to pass the entire 'task' in context. If you can take an email via MCP, extract some data out and put it into a CRM (again via MCP) a row at a time the hallucination rate is very low IME. I would say at least a junior overworked human level.
Perhaps this was the point of the article, but non-determinism is not an issue for these kind of use cases, given all the humans involved are not deterministic either. We can build systems and processes to help enforce quality on non deterministic (eg: human) systems.
Finally, I've followed crypto closely and also LLMs closely. They do not seem to be similar in terms of utility and adoption. The closest thing I can recall is smartphone adoption. A lot of my non technical friends didn't think/want a smartphone when the iPhone first came out. Within a few years, all of them have them. Similar with LLMs. Virtually all of my non technical friends use it now for incredibly varied use cases.
That said, the social response is a trend of tech worship that I suspect many engineers who have been around the block are weary of. It’s easy to find unrealistic claims, the worst coming from the CEOs of AI companies.
At the same time, a LOT of people are practically computer illiterate. I can only imagine how exciting it must seem to people who have very limited exposure to even basic automation. And the whole “talking computer” we’ve all become accustomed to seeing in science fiction is pretty much becoming reality.
There’s a world of takes in there. It’s wild.
I worked in ML and NLP several years before AI. What’s most striking to me is that this is way more mainstream than anything that has ever happened in the field. And with that comes a lot of inexperience in designing with statistical inference. It’s going to be the Wild West for a while — in opinions, in successful implementation, in learning how to form realistic project ideas.
Look at it this way: now your friend with a novel app idea can be told to do it themselves. That’s at least a win for everyone.
ultimately, crypto is information science. mathematically, cryptography, compression, and so on (data transmission) are all the "same" problem.
LLMs compress knowledge, not just data, and they do it in a lossy way.
traditional information science work is all about dealing with lossless data in a highly lossy world.
For what time of company is this true? I really would like someone to just do a census of 500 white collar jobs and categorize them all. Anything that is truly automatic has already been automated away.
I do think AI will cause a lot of disruption, but very skeptical of the view that most people with white collar jobs are just "email jobs" or data entry. That doesn't fit my experience at all, and I've worked at some large bureaucratic companies that people here would claim are stuck in the past.
I use LLMs nearly every day for my job as of about a year ago and they solve my issues about 90% of the time. I have a very hard time deciphering if these types of complaints about AI/LLMs should be taken seriously, or written off as irrational use patterns by some users. For example, I have never fed an LLM a codebase and expected it to work magic. I ask direct, specific questions at the edge of my understanding (not beyond it) and apply the solutions in a deliberate and testable manner.
if you're taking a different approach and complaining about LLMs, I'm inclined to think you're doing it wrong. And missing out on the actual magic, which is small, useful and fairly consistent.
I also use gpt and Claude daily via cursor.
Gpt o3 is kinda good for general knowledge searches. Claude falls down all the time, but I've noticed that while it's spending tokens to jerk itself off, quite often it happens on the actual issue going on with out recognizing it.
Models are dumb and more idiot than idiot savant, but sometimes they hit on relevant items. As long as you personally have an idea of what you need to happen and treat LLMs like rat terriers in a farm field, you can utilize them properly
"90%" also seems a bit suspect.
(There are times I do other kinds of work and it fails terribly. My main point stands.)
You're doing the same thing the article talks against. Some people claim miraculous results, while the reality for most is far less successful. But maybe you keep rolling the LLM dice and you keep winning? I personally don't like gambling with my time and energy, especially when I know the rules of the game are so iffy.
I don’t “trust” it in the way I’d trust a smart colleague. We know how this works: use it for info that has a lot of results, or ask it to ground itself if it’s eg new info and you can’t rely on training memory. Asking it about esoteric languages or algo’s or numbers will just make you sad. It will generate 1000 confident tokens. But if you told me to lose Google or ChatGPT+Claude, Google is getting dumped instantly.
Ones that don’t work but weren’t in the last 10: voice. It sounds amazing but is dumb as rocks. Feels like most of the GPU compute is for the media, not smarts. A question about floating solar heaters for pools. It fed me scam material. A question about negotiating software pricing. Just useless, parroted my points back at me.
I scale models up and down based on need. Very simple: gpt-40. Smarts: o4-mini-high. Research: deep research. I love Claude but at some point it kept running out of capacity so I’d move elsewhere. Although nothing beats it for artefacts. MS Copilot if I want a quick answer to something MS oriented. It’s terrible but it’s easy to access.
Coding is generally Windsurf but honestly that’s been rare for the last month. Been too busy doing other things.
My comment is mainly to say LLMs are amazing in areas that are not coding, like brainstorming, blue sky thinking, filling in research details, asking questions that make me reflect. I treat the LLM like a thinking partner. It does make mistakes, but those can be caught easily by checking other sources, or even having another LLM review the conclusions.
I think it's dangerously easy to get misled when trying to prod LLMs for knowledge, especially if it's a field you're new to. If you were using a regular search engine, you could look at the source website to determine the trustworthiness of its contents, but LLMs don't have that. The output can really be whatever, and I don't agree it's necessarily that easy to catch the mistakes.
That said, don't use model output directly. Use it to extract "shibboleth" keywords and acronyms in that domain, then search those up yourself with a classical search engine (or in a follow-up LLM query). You'll access a lot of new information that way, simply because you know how to surface it now.
I built something in less than 24h that I'm sure would have taken us MONTHS to just get off the ground, let alone to the polished version it's at right now. The most impressive thing is that it can do all of the things that I absolutely can do, just faster. But the most impressive thing is that it can do all the things I cannot possibly do and would have had to hire up/contract out to accomplish--for far less money, time, and with faster iterations than if I had to communicate with another human being.
It's not perfect and it's incredibly frustrating at times (hardcoding values into the code when I have explicitly told it not to; outright lying that it made a particular fix, when it actually changed something else entirely unrelated), but it is a game changer IMO.
Would love to see it!
Of course, I was playing around with claude code, too, and I was fascinated how fun it can be and yes, you can get stuff done. But I have absolutely no clue what the code is doing and if there are some nasty mistakes. So it kinda worked, but I would not use that for anything "mission critical" (whatever this means).
Professional programmers built this stuff too, or maybe it was vibe-coded but since it's been like that for years I think probably not.
But we don't know where on the spectrum of "people might die" to "try again later" most of these programmers who claim great productivity gains from LLMs lie. Maybe it is making them 10x faster at churning out shit, who knows? They might not even realise it themselves.
It means projects like Cloudflare's new OAuth provider library. https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider
> "This library (including the schema documentation) was largely written with the help of Claude, the AI model by Anthropic. Claude's output was thoroughly reviewed by Cloudflare engineers with careful attention paid to security and compliance with standards. Many improvements were made on the initial output, mostly again by prompting Claude (and reviewing the results)."
the one that's a few weeks old and already has several CVEs due to the poor implementation?
All code, including stuff that we experienced coders write is inherently probabilistic. That’s why we have code reviews, unit tests, pair programming, guidelines and guardrails in any critical project. If you’re using LLM output uncritically, you’re doing it wrong, but if you’re using _human_ output uncritically you’re doing it wrong too.
That said, they are not magic, and my fear is that people use copilots and agentic models and all the rest to hide poor engineering practice, building more and more boilerplate instead of refactoring or redesigning for efficiency or safety or any of the things that matter in the long run.
The problem is that the LLM needs context of what you are doing, contexts that you won't (or too lazy) to give in a chat with it ala ChatGPT. This is where Claude Code changes the game.
For example, you have PCAP file where each UDP packet contain multiple messages.
How do you filter the IP/port/protocol/time? Use LLM, check the output
How do you find the number of packets that have patterns A, AB, AAB, ABB.... Use LLM, check the output
How to create PCAPs that only contain those packets for testing? Use LLM, check the output
Etc etc
Since it can read your code, it is able to infer (because lets be honest, you work aint special) what you are trying to do at a much better rate. In any case, the fact that you can simply ask "Please write a unit test for all of the above functions" means that you can help it verify itself.
I started a job at a demanding startup and it’s been several months and I have still not written a single line of code by hand. I audit everything myself before making PRs and test rigorously, but Cursor + Sonnet is just insane with their codebase. I’m convinced I’m their most productive employee and that’s not by measuring lines of code, which don’t matter; people who are experts in the codebase ask me for help with niche bugs I can narrow in on in 5-30 minutes as someone whose fresh to their domain. I had to lay off taking work away from the front end dev (which I’ve avoided my whole career) because I was stepping on his toes, fixing little problems as I saw them thanks to Claude. It’s not vibe coding - there’s a process of research and planning and perusing in careful steps, and I set the agent up for success. Domain knowledge is necessary. But I’m just so floored how anyone could not be extracting the same utility from it. It feels like there’s two articles like this every week now.
You didn't share any evidence with us even though you claim unbelievable things.
You even went as far as registering a throwavay account to hide your identity and to make verifying any of your claims impossible.
Your comment feels more like a joke to me
Look, the person who wrote that comment doesn't need to prove anything to you just because you're hopped up after reading a blog post that has clearly given you a temporary dopamine bump.
People who understand their domains well and are excellent written communicators can craft prompts that will do what we used to spend a week spinning up. It's self-evident to anyone in that situation, and the only thing we see when people demand "evidence" is that you aren't using the tools properly.
We don't need to prove anything because if you are working on interesting problems, even the most skeptical person will prove it to themselves in a few hours.
>People who understand their domains well and are excellent written communicators can craft prompts that will do what we used to spend a week spinning up. It's self-evident to anyone in that situation, and the only thing we see when people demand "evidence" is that you aren't using the tools properly.
You have no proof of this, so I guess you chose your camp already?
It doesn't take away the requirements of _curation_ - that remains firmly in my camp (partially what a PhD is supposed to teach you! to be precise and reflective about why you are doing X, what do you hope to show with Y, etc -- breakdown every single step, explain those steps to someone else -- this is a tremendous soft skill, and it's even more important now because these agents do not have persistent world models / immediately forget the goal of a sequence of interactions, even with clever compaction).
If I'm on my game with precise communication, I can use CC to organize computation in a way which has never been possible before.
It's not easier than programming (if you care about quality!), but it is different, and it comes with different idioms.
Someone told me ‘ai makes all the little things trivial to do’ and i agree strongly with that. Those many little things are things that together make a strong statement about quality. Our codebase has gone up in quality significantly with ai whereas we’d let the little things slide due to understaffing before.
The point is writing that prompt takes longer than writing the code.
> Someone told me ‘ai makes all the little things trivial to do’ and i agree strongly with that
Yeah, it's great for doing all of those little things. It's bad at doing the big things.
That was my experience with Cursor, but Claude Code is a different world. What specific product/models brought you to this generalization?
How do you audit code from an untrusted source that quickly, LLMs do not have the whole project in their heads and are proned to hallucinate.
On average how long are your prompts and does the LLM also write the unit tests?
Damn, this sounds pretty boring.
Links please
This is _far_ from web crud.
Otherwise, 99% of my code these days is LLM generated, there's a fair amount of visible commits from my opensource on my profile https://github.com/wesen .
A lot of it is more on the system side of things, although there are a fair amount of one-off webapps, now that I can do frontends that don't suck.
I personally think you’re sugar coating the experience.
The person you're responding to literally said, "I audit everything myself before making PRs and test rigorously".
How do you measure this?
Your specific experience cannot be generalized. And speaking as the author, and who is (as written in the article) literally using these tools everyday.
> But I’m just so floored how anyone could not be extracting the same utility from it. It feels like there’s two articles like this every week now.
This is where we learn that you haven't actually read the article. Because it is very clearly stating, with links, that I am extracting value from these tools.
And the article is also very clearly not about extracting or not extracting value.
I'll give some context, though.
- I use OCaml and Python/SQL, on two different projects.
- Both are single-person.
- The first project is a real-time messaging system, the second one is logging a bunch of events in an SQL database.
In the first project, Claude has been... underwhelming. It casually uses C idioms, overabuses records and procedural programming, ignores basic stuff about the OCaml standard library, and even gave me some data structures that slowed me down later down the line. It also casuallyies about what functions does.
A real example: `Buffer.add_utf_8_uchar` adds the ASCII representation of an utf8 char to a buffer, so it adds something that looks like `\123\456` for non-ascii.
I had to scold Claude for using this function to add an utf8 character to a Buffer so many times I've lost count.
In the second project, Claude really shined. Making most of the SQL database and moving most of the logic to the SQL engine, writing coherent and readable Python code, etc.
I think the main difference is that the first one is an arcane project in an underdog language. The second one is a special case of a common "shovel through lists of stuffs and stuff them in SQL" problem, in the most common language.
You basically get what you trained for.
That's where the author lost me as well. I'd really be interested in a deep dive on their workflow/tools to understand how I've been so unbelievably lucky in comparison.
It's a play on the Anchorman joke that I slightly misremembered: "60% of the time it works 100% of the time"
> is where I lost faith in the claims you’re making.
Ah yes. You lost faith in mine, but I have to have 100% faith in your 100% unverified claim about "job at a demanding startup" where "you still haven't written a single line of code by hand"?
Why do you assume that your word and experience is more correct than mine? Or why should anyone?
> you did not outline your approaches and practices in how you use AI in your workflow
No one does. And if you actually read the article, you'd see that is literally the point.
The conclusion that everything around LLMs is magical thinking seems to be fairly hubristic to me given that in the last 5 years a set of previously borderline intractable problems have become completely or near completely solved, translation, transcription, and code generation (up to some scale), for instance.
What does substantial mean? Somewhere between 5% and 100%. Something NOT insignificant.
At a minimum, it is safe to say that GenAI is or could be a significantly beneficial tool for a significant number of people.
It's not required that folks disclose how many CPUs, lines of code, numbers of bytes processed, or other details for the above to be a reasonable take.
In reality, modern LLMs trained with RL have terrible variance and mainly learn 1:1 mapping of ideas to ideas, which is a big issue for creative writing and parallel inference/majority voting techniques, so there's even less meaningful "non-determinism" available than you might think. It's usually either able or not able to give the correct answer, rerolling it doesn't work well. I think even a human has more non-determinism than a modern LLM (it's impossible to measure though).
So, why can't we just come up with some definition for what AGI is? We could then, say, logically prove that some AI fits that definition. Even if this doesn't seem practically useful, it's theoretically much more useful than just using that term with no meaning.
Instead it kind of feels like it's an escape hatch. On wikipedia we have "a type of ai that would match or surpass human capabilities across virtually all cognitive tasks". How could we measure that? What good is this if we can't prove that a system has this property?
Bit of a rant but I hope it's somewhat legible still.
"AI is whatever hasn't been done yet."[1]
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_effect
1) what products we're usually compared to
2) what problems users have with our software
3) what use cases users mention most often
What used to take weeks of research took just a couple of hours. It helped us form a new strategy and brought real business value.
I see LLMs as just a natural language processing engine, and they're great at that. Some people overhype it, sure, but that doesn't change the fact that it's been genuinely useful for our cases. Not sure what's up with all those "LLM bad" articles. If it doesn't work for you, just move on. Why should anyone have to prove anything to anyone? It's just a tool.
includes the 3rd law, which reads, and seems on topic,
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic."
The people I have talked to at length about using AI tools claim that it has been a boon for productivity: a nurse, a doctor, three (old) software developers, a product manager, and a graduate student in Control Systems.
It is entirely believable that it may not, on average, help the average developer.
I'm reminded of the old joke that ends with "who are you going to believe, me or you're lying eyes?"
Millions of beginner developers running with scissors in their hands, millions of investment in the garbage.
I don't think this can be reversed anymore, companies are all-in and pot commited.
thats the trick with bullshit in general.
> LLM abuse is going to be the end of so many tech companies
and is also going to provide a lot of opportunities for experienced engineers to cleanup the mess.
Same for LLMs and AI: it is awesome for some things and absolutely sucks for other things. Curiously tho, it feels like UX was solved by making chats, but it actually still sucks enormously, as with crypto. It is mostly sufficient for doing basic stuff. It is difficult to predict where we'll land on the curve of difficult (or expensive) vs abilities. I'd bet AI will get way more capable, but even now you can't really deny its usefulness.
You could even argue that without network effects AI is also very limited: way less users -> way worse models. It took OpenAI to commit capital first to pull this off.
The point is I think comparing these areas (and other tech) is still interesting and worthy.
Few days ago Google released very competent summary generator, interpreter between 10-s of languages, gpt-3 class general purpose assistant. Working locally on modest hardware. On 5 years old laptop, no discrete GPU.
It alone potentially saves so much toil, so much stupid work.
We also finally “solved computer vision”. Read from PDF, read diagrams and tables.
Local vision models are much less impressive and need some care to use. Give it 2 years.
I don't know if we can overhype it when it archives holy grail level on some important tasks.
I do PhD research for superconducting materials and right I've been adapting and scaling an existing segmentation model from a research paper for image processing to run multithreaded and took the training runtime per image from 55min to 2min. Yeah it was low hanging fruit but honestly its the type of thing that is just tedious and easy to make mistakes and spend forever debugging.
Like sure I could have done it myself but it would have taken me days to figure out and I would have had to test and read a ton of docs. Claude got it working in like half an hour and generated every data plot I could need. If I wanted to test out different strategies and optimizations, I could iterate through various strategies rapidly.
I don't really like to rely on AI a bunch but it indisputably is incredibly good at certain things. If I am just trying to get something done and don't need to worry about vulnerabilities as it is just data collection code that runs once, it saves a tremendous amount of time. I don't think it will outright replace developers but there is some room for it to expand the effectiveness of individual devs so long as they are actually providing oversight and not just letting it do stuff unchecked.
I think the larger issue is more how economically viable it is for businesses to spend a ton on electricity and compute for me to be able to use it like this for 20 bucks a month. There will be an inevitable enshittification of services once a lot of the spaces investors are dumping money are figured out to be dead ends and people start calling for returns on their investment.
Right now the cash is flowing cause business people don't fully understand what its good at or not but that's not gonna last forever.
They didn't say "AI is bad". Take another look.
With LLMs, it's quite similar: you have to learn how to use them. Yes, they are non-deterministic, but if you know how to use them, you can increase your chances of getting a good result dramatically. Often, this not only means articulating a task, but also looking at the bigger picture and asking yourself what tasks you should assign in the first place.
For example, I can ask the LLM to write software directly, or I can ask it to write user stories or prototypes and then take a multi-step approach to develop the software. This can make a huge difference in reliability.
And to be clear, I don't mean that every bad result is caused by not correctly handling the LLM (some models are simply poor at specific tasks), but rather that it is a significant factor to consider when evaluating results.
The LLM is more like a Ouija board than a reliable tool.
>I can ask it to write user stories or prototypes
By the time I write enough to explain thoroughly to an LLM what to write in "user stories" or "prototypes", I could have just written it myself, without the middleman(bot), and without the LLM hallucinating.
If half the time I spend with an LLM is telling it what to do, and then another half is correcting what it did, then I'm not really saving any time at all by using it.
Sure some of this comes from a lack of education.
But similar to crypto these movements only have value if the value is widely perceived. We have to work to continue to educate, continue to question, continue to understand different perspectives. All in favor of advancing the movement and coming out with better tech.
I am a supporter of both but I agree with the reference in the article to both becoming echo chambers at times. This is a setback we need to avoid.
The difference in the AI case is that companies that are actually able to use it to boost productivity significantly will start to outcompete those who don't.
That's why, unlike crypto/blockchain, so many mainstream companies are pouring money into AI. It's not FOMO so much as fear of extinction.
1. he talks about what he's shipped, and yet compares it to crypto – already, you're in a contradiction as to your relative comparison – you straight up shouldn't blog if you can't conceive that these two are opposing thoughts
2. this whole refrain from people of like, "SHOW ME your enterprise codebase that includes lots of LLM code" – HELLO, people who work at private companies CANNOT just reveal their codebase to you for internet points
3. anyone who has actually used these tools has now integrated them into their daily life on the order of millions of people and billions of dollars – unless you think all CEOs are in a grand conspiracy, lying about their teams adopting AI
Crypto is a lifeline for me, as I cannot open a bank account in the country I live in, for reasons I can neither control nor fix. So I am happy if crypto is useless for you. For me and for millions like me, it is a matter of life and death.
As for LLMs — once again, magic for some, reliable deterministic instrument for others (and also magic). Just classified and sorted a few hundreds of invoices. Yes, magic.
"You had to be there to believe it" https://x.com/0xbags/status/1940774543553146956
AI craze is currently going through a similar period: any criticism is brushed away as being presented by morons who know nothing
It's the same problem that crypto experiences. Almost everyone is propagating lies about the technology, even if a majority of those doing so don't understand enough to realize they're lies (naivety vs malice).
I'd argue there's more intentional lying in crypto and less value to be gained, but in both cases people who might derive real benefit from the hard truth of the matter are turning away before they enter the door due to dishonesty/misrepresentation- and in both cases there are examples of people deriving real value today.
I disagree. Crypto sounds more like intentional lying because it's primarily hyped in contexts typical for scams/gambling. Yes, there are businesses involved (anybody can start one), but they're mostly new businesses or a tiny tack-on to an existing business.
AI is largely being hyped within the existing major corporate structures, therefore its lies just get tagged as as "business as usual". That doesn't make them any less of a lie though.
Anecdotally, I see a lot more bold-facing lies by crypto traders or NFT "collectors" than by LLM enthusiasts.
The real issue isn't the technology itself, but our complete inability to predict its competence. Our intuition for what should be hard or easy simply shatters. It can display superhuman breadth of knowledge, yet fail with a confident absurdity that, in a person, we'd label as malicious or delusional.
The discourse is stuck because we're trying to map a familiar psychology onto a system that has none. We haven't just built a new tool; we've built a new kind of intellectual blindness for ourselves.
I will use an LLM/agent if
- I need to get a bunch of coding done and I keep getting booked into meetings. I'll give it a task on my todo list and see how it did when I get done with said meeting(s). Maybe 40% of the time it will have done something I'll keep or just need to do a few tweaks to. YMMV though.
- I need to write up a bunch of dumb boilerplatey code. I've got my rules tuned so that it generally gets this kind of thing right.
- I need a stupid one off script or a little application to help me with a specific problem and I don't care about code quality or maintainability.
- Stack overflow replacement.
- I need to do something annoying but well understood. An XML serializer in Java for example.
- Unit tests. I'm questioning if this ones a good idea though outside of maybe doing some of the setup work though. I find I generally come to understand my code better through the exercise of writing up tests. Sometimes you're in a hurry though so...<shrug>
With any of the above, if it doesn't get me close to what I want within 2 or 3 tries, I just back off and do the work. I also avoid building things I don't fully understand. I'm not going to waste 3 hours to save 1 hour of coding.
I will not use an LLM if I need to do anything involving business logic and/or need to solve a novel problem. I also don't bother if I am working with novel tech. You'll get way more usable answers asking about Python then you will asking about Elm.
TL;DR - use your brain. Understand how this tech works, its limitations, AND its strengths.
Of course people will either love AI or hate AI - and some don’t care. I am cautious especially when people say ‘AI is here to stay’. It takes away agency.
Even crypto people didn’t dogfood their crypto like that, on their own critical path.
The really difficult and valuable parts of the codebase are very very far beyond what the current LLMs are capable of, and believe me, I’ve tried!
Writing the majority of the code is very different from creating the majority of the value.
And I really use and value LLMs, but they are not replacing me at the moment.
Does it? Or does their marketing tell you that? Strange that "most code is written by Claude" and they still hire for actual humans for all the positions from backend to API to desktop to mobile clients.
> How much babysitting and reviewing is undetermined; but the Ants seem to tremendously prefer the workflow.
So. We know nothing about their codebase, actual flows, programming languages, depth and breadth of usage, how much babysitting is required...
Is that the official cutsie name people working there are called? Those feels so 2020 ...
i specialize in programming, and LLMs are very good right now, if you set them up with the right tooling, feedback based learning methods, and efficient ways of capturing human input (review/approve/suggest/correct/etc).
with programming you have compilers and other static analysis tools that you can use to verify output. for law you need similar static analysis tooling, to verify things like citations, procedural scheduling, electronic filing, etc, but if you loop that tooling in with an llm, the llm will be able to correct errors automatically, and you will get to an agent that can take a statement of fact, find a cause of action, and file a pro se lawsuit for someone.
courts are going to be flooded with lawsuits, on a scale of 10-100X current case loads.
criminal defendants will be able to use a smart phone app to represent themselves, with an AI handling all of the filings and motions, monitoring the trial in real time, giving advice to the defendant on when to make motions and what to say, maximizing delay and cost for the state with maximum efficiency.
with 98% of convictions coming from guilty pleas (https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158356619/plea-bargains-crim...) which are largely driven by not being able to afford the cost of legal services the number of criminal defendants electing to go to full jury trial could easily explode 10-20X or more very quickly.
fun times!
https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/05/20/1116823/how-ai-i...
https://hai.stanford.edu/news/hallucinating-law-legal-mistak...
https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/a...
There are more of these stories every week. Are you using AI in a way that doesn’t allow you to be entrapped by this sort of thing?
- cliché phrasing
- em dashes
- abundant alliteration
- all comments suspiciously similar in length
- all posts pointing to the same website
Does HN not have a policy against vapid AI comment spam? If not, it needs one.
edit: It does:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37617714
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44468067
Reaction to a different post at 21:40:30:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44468069
Fast typist! (Incidentally, both are exactly 59 tokens long)
At my job right now there is an imminent threat from a team empowered to say "what if we asked an AI to just build X instead of having a team build and maintain it?"
X is something where it's straightforward when N is below 50 but deeply complex when N is in the thousands, which for our team it is, and there is a huge risk that this team will get a demo with N=15 that attracts leadership attention and trying to explain why the AI-generated solution does not scale is a career-limiting move framing me as a naysayer, but this AI team would deliver the demo and go away and the inevitable failure of their solution at scale would ALSO be my team's problem, so..... I hate the future.
The code coming out of LLMs is just as deterministic as code coming out of humans, and despite humans being feckle beings, we still talk of software engineering.
As for LLMs, they are and will forever be "unknowable". The human mind just can't comprehend what a billion parameters trained on trillions of tokens under different regimes for months corresponds to. While science has to do microscopic steps towards understanding the brain, we still have methods to teach, learn, be creative, be rigorous, communicate that do work despite it being this "magical" organ.
With LLMs, you can be pretty rigorous. Benchmarks, evals, and just the vibes of day to day usage if you are a programmer, are not "wishful thinking", they are reasonably effective methods and the best we have.
Whether or not we can get to 100% using LLMs is an open research problem and far from guaranteed. If we can’t, it’s unclear if it will ever really proliferate the way things hope. That 5% makes a big difference in most non-niche use cases…
This is very typical of naive automation, people assume that most of the work is X and by automating that we replace people, but the thing that's automated is almost never the real bottleneck. Pretty sure I saw an article here yesterday about how writing code is not the bottleneck in software development, and it holds everywhere.
Considering LLMs have 0 level of reasoning, I can't decide if it's a bad take, or a stab at the average human's level of reasoning.
In all seriousness, the actual numbers vary from 13% to 26%: https://fortune.com/2025/02/12/openai-deepresearch-humanity-...
My take is that there are fundamental limitations to try to pigeon-hole reasoning to LLMs, which are essentially a very very advanced autocomplete, and that's why those % won't jump too much too soon.
We don't know enough about how LLMs work or about how human reasoning works for this to be at all meaningful. These numbers quantify nothing but wishes and hype.